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Estimation of Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance Among Released Varieties and Local Cultivar of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
38-44
Received:
13 March 2023
Accepted:
11 July 2023
Published:
20 July 2023
Abstract: Investigation and a deeper comprehension of the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance are necessary for breeding program for crop improvement. This study was conducted at Haromaya, in Eastern Ethiopia, to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for sixteen released varieties and two local cultivars of potatoes. The experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fifteen yield and yield component characteristics data were collected. The analysis of variance was carried out, and the estimation of variance components, heritability in a broad sense, and genetic advance were conducted. The mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant (P<0.0) for all the characters examined, demonstrating the presence of considerable variability in tested varieties and local cultivars for economically important traits. In this study, genotypic variance values ranged from 0.45 for total soluble solid to 296.88 for average tuber weight, while phenotypic variance values ranged from 0.48 for total soluble solid to 299.59 for average tuber weight. The GCV values ranged from 6.17% for dry matter content to 41.42% for large tuber number, while, the PCV values ranged from 6.36% for sphericity of the tuber to 41.48 % for large tuber number. Estimates of heritability in a broad sense ranged from 71.95 for dry matter content to 99.87 for large tuber number, whereas genetic advance as a percentage of mean ranged from 99.87% for large tuber number to 71.95% for dry matter content. According to the study results, a high range of variability for most of the investigated traits was observed, indicating an ample chance of selecting the best genotypes to improve crop productivity through selection. In the present study, high heritability coupled with high-expected genetic advance as a percentage of mean was recorded for large tuber number, average tuber weight, small tuber number, large tuber weight, medium tuber weight, marketable tuber yield, and total tuber yield, and those characters could be used as good criteria for selection in the potato improvement program.
Abstract: Investigation and a deeper comprehension of the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance are necessary for breeding program for crop improvement. This study was conducted at Haromaya, in Eastern Ethiopia, to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for sixteen released varieties and two local cu...
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A Framework for Expanding and Harmonising Sugar Industries within Africa
Luke Muller,
Mbongeni Ndlovu
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
45-53
Received:
27 July 2023
Accepted:
24 August 2023
Published:
6 September 2023
Abstract: African agriculture can be expected to expand over the next few decades, in line with population growth. The production of staple foods, including sugar, is expected to rise substantially to meet the needs of more than a quarter of the world’s population that is expected to live on the continent by 2050. Africa currently produces 6.5% of the world’s sugar, with most of this being supplied by six countries with established sugar industries. Natural trade barriers and slow progress with free trade agreements are likely to keep intra-continental trade relatively low over the next decade. Yet opportunities exist to expand sugar industries to serve local and regional markets. An overview of current sugar production, and the policies adopted by the six largest producers, provides lessons for the future expansion of smaller operations in many of the 35 African countries that currently produce sugar. The study assesses the policies adopted by the countries with large-scale production to create a framework for the expansion of smaller, regional sugar industries. The eight policies recommended cover tariffs, regional economic communities, price-setting intermediaries, guaranteed higher domestic prices for small-scale growers, contracting outgrower suppliers, partnerships with research institutes, the promotion of responsible farming practices, and the formation of a stakeholder committee. Appropriate policies, combined with an opening of regional markets, will enable continued growth of African sugar production to meet the needs of a growing consumer base.
Abstract: African agriculture can be expected to expand over the next few decades, in line with population growth. The production of staple foods, including sugar, is expected to rise substantially to meet the needs of more than a quarter of the world’s population that is expected to live on the continent by 2050. Africa currently produces 6.5% of the world’...
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Horticulture Sector in Ethiopia-Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospects
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
54-70
Received:
31 July 2023
Accepted:
16 August 2023
Published:
6 September 2023
Abstract: Ethiopia is a country with great variety of climate and soil types that can grow diversity of horticultural crops for home consumption and foreign markets. Horticultural crops are rich in different nutrients that contribute to a major portion to an Ethiopian daily dish mix. The horticulture sectors play a significant role in developing country like Ethiopia both in income and social spheres for improving income and nutrition status. Horticultural crops help in maintaining ecological balance due to their high diversity, and also provide employment opportunities as their management being labor intensive. Therefore production of these commodities should be encouraged in labor abundant and capital scarce countries like Ethiopia. Ethiopia is blessed with a favorable climate and vast land, water and labor resources which together make it an incredible investment hub. Due to these facts, the horticulture sector has shown a very dramatic growth in the country. In recent decades, rapid growth in Fruits and Vegetables, Floriculture, Spice and Herb and in Aromatic, Medicinal and Biofuel Sector has been recorded. According to recent reports, one fifth of the foreign income is come from horticulture sector in Ethiopia. Basing the importance of the sector, significant amount of developmental and research efforts have been made to enhance the quantity and quality of horticultural products. Therefore this paper is intend to review, the development, and research efforts made so far, their achievements, challenges and opportunities of the horticulture sector in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Ethiopia is a country with great variety of climate and soil types that can grow diversity of horticultural crops for home consumption and foreign markets. Horticultural crops are rich in different nutrients that contribute to a major portion to an Ethiopian daily dish mix. The horticulture sectors play a significant role in developing country like...
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Effects of Seed Rate and Row Spacing on Growth, Yield Components and Yield of Coriander at Highland and Mid-Altitudes of Bale, South-Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
71-75
Received:
17 March 2023
Accepted:
17 July 2023
Published:
25 September 2023
Abstract: The productivity of coriander is affected due to an appropriate use of row spacing and seed rate practices at Bale. Therefore, an on farm experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different seed rates and row spacing on growth, yield components and seed yield of coriander. The treatments are consisted of factorial combinations of three seed rates (12, 15 and 18 kg ha-1) and four row spacing (25, 30, 35 and 40 cm) in Randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest number of secondary branches per plant (4.10) and (3.89) was obtained from 18 kg ha-1 seed rate and 40 row spacing respectively. The highest number of umbels per plant (17.36) and (17.58) were obtained from 15 kg ha-1 seed rate and 35 cm row spacing respectively. The highest biomass yield (6000 kg ha-1) and (6098 kg ha-1) were obtained from 18 kg ha-1 seed rate and 40 cm row spacing respectively. The maximum plant height (82.83cm) was recorded from 18 kg ha-1 seed rate and 25 cm row spacing of coriander. The highest number of primary branches per plant was obtained from 15 kg ha-1 seed rate and 35 cm row spacing. The maximum seed yield (2714 kg ha-1) was obtained from seed rate of 15 kg ha-1 and 35 cm row spacing. Therefore, based on the results of the yield and other growth and yield parameters use of 15 kg ha-1 seed rate and 35 cm row spacing can be tentatively recommended for farmers for production of coriander in the study area.
Abstract: The productivity of coriander is affected due to an appropriate use of row spacing and seed rate practices at Bale. Therefore, an on farm experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different seed rates and row spacing on growth, yield components and seed yield of coriander. The treatments are consisted of factorial combinations of three s...
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